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Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention
PDF Download Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 22 hours and 4 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Penguin Audio
Audible.com Release Date: April 4, 2011
Whispersync for Voice: Ready
Language: English, English
ASIN: B004V232ZI
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
I have to preface this review with a little information about my own background. At one time my parents were members of the Nation of Islam. Their active involvement with the Nation had ceased by the time I was four or so, which was also around the time that my parents separated, so I have very little memory of any direct experience with the Nation's activities. Nevertheless, the Nation's teachings affected my life in subtle and profound ways. Although I didn't understand it at the time, my father's involvement with the Nation was one of several factors that contributed to the deep tension between him and my grandmother, who is a staunch Baptist. Oftentimes, perhaps most of the time, that tension was palpable, as my grandmother lived with me and my father for a good portion of my childhood, and was deeply involved in my upbringing. His experience with the Nation also fueled his deep inner turmoil to a great extent, although I didn't understand that at the time either. It wasn't until I got older and began to study the history of the Nation of Islam that my father's paranoid ramblings about FBI bugs in our house and recordings of my mother's voice being played on television, which completely mystified me as child, were put into context. That history also helped me to make sense of the divergence between my mother's and my own views on race when I was an adolescent. Studying that history helped me to make sense of my upbringing and my place in a world in which I often felt, and at times still do feel, alienated and displaced. So naturally, as I grew up, I eagerly devoured whatever I was able to understand about the Nation. And most of what I learned was and is centered in the figure of Malcolm X. When Spike Lee's "X" was first released, I think I saw it at least three times in one week. Over the years, I read collections of his speeches and immersed myself in recordings of his talks. I began to appreciate more deeply the many ways in which Malcolm's life and teachings intersected with and indelibly touched my own, from his status as a symbol of courageous manhood and personal dignity for the men of my family, particularly my older brother, to my status as his namesake, Malik. For me, Malcolm's story was and always will be profoundly personal. Perhaps that sense of personal connection is part of the reason that I am somewhat disappointed with Dr. Marable's work.The book has many strengths. It does an excellent job of situating Malcolm's life and teachings in the broader historical context of his times. I have to note that there seem to be some factual inaccuracies in his discussion of the history of Islam, but on the whole I believe it's reasonably accurate. And the book provides a fuller account of Malcolm's life and death than some of the more hagiographic works written about him. But that valuable accomplishment is overshadowed and diminished by speculation and salacious innuendo that has no place in a scholarly account. Beginning with the opening chapters of the book, Dr. Marable consistently advances speculative theories about malcolm's inner motives and state of mind. This would be reasonable if he consistently qualified his hypotheses as such, and supported them with corroborating evidence. But over and over again, Dr. Marable advances naked speculation as conclusive fact. One the most egregious and controversial examples of this tendency is Dr. Marable's claim that Malcolm was involved in homosexual prostitution as a youth. Given the circumstances of Malcolm's life at that time, that would not be particularly surprising. He would have been neither the first nor the last destitute and drug-addicted youth to prostitute himself to anyone who could offer some ready cash. However, Dr. Marable offers no evidence for the one incident of prostitution that he alleges took place other than hearsay from two of Malcolm's acquaintances that appears in secondary sources. That's far from conclusive, or even persuasive. However, Dr. Marable treats the allegation as practically incontrovertible, despite the admittedly circumstantial evidence supporting the claim. He goes so far as to assert that the alleged incident was a basic element of Malcolm's identity at the time: "Malcolm-Detroit Red, Satan, hustler, onetime pimp, drug addict and drug dealer, homosexual lover, ladies man, numbers racketeer, burglar, Jack Carlton, and convicted thief. . ."Whatever Malcolm's sexual habits may or may not have been, Dr. Marable's failure to convincingly support this much-hyped claim smacks of crass sensationalism. Equally troubling is Dr. Marable's habit of psychoanalyzing his subjects and ascribing to them motives that he could not possibly discern and advances no evidence for, claiming for instance that Malcolm subliminally incorporated jazz rhythms into his speaking style, and asserting that the Nation of Islam's success in converting Black prisoners was due to the fact that, "the depression caused by long confinement made inmates particularly vulnerable." Those things may very well be true. And they may very well be false. But true or not, they are without question nothing more than sheer speculation, and represent the author's own assumptions rather than historical fact, or even reasoned argumentation. What is most unfortunate about these speculative digressions is that they are almost wholly tangential to the central events and influences in Malcolm's life, and only serve to distract from the well-documented history that Dr. Marable took such pains to reconstruct.Added to all of this is a significant amount of critical editorial comment on Malcolm's early beliefs and decisions. Malcolm himself admitted-indeed stressed-in no uncertain terms that his early beliefs were immature, destructive, and uncritically dogmatic. It is unedifying to witness his biographer harangue him nearly 50 years after his death for mistakes that he himself unreservedly confessed to and repented of during his own lifetime.My personal impression, and it is simply my personal impression, is that out of a desire to be iconoclastic, Dr. Marable perhaps took a degree of creative and editorial license, which is distressing to see in connection with a topic of such deep historical and cultural significance. The book is very valuable as a work of history, but as a historical portrait of a life, it perhaps reflects in some respects too much of the mind of the painter, obscuring to a degree the subject being portrayed.As an aside, it is extremely difficult to correlate the citations in the copious endnotes with the text being referenced, as the hardback first edition inexplicably omits in-text endnote numbers, which is a significant problem in and of itself.Despite all this, on the whole the book is a fascinating and lavishly detailed account of Malcolm's meteoric rise and tragic end that deserves close attention. It is regrettable that in chronicling Malcolm's "reinvention", Dr. Marable does some reinventing of his own, but the magnitude of what he accomplished in authoring a comprehensive and meticulously documented account of the entirety of Malcolm's life has to be recognized.Ultimately, I can only suggest what I imagine Malcolm himself would have advised. Read the book for yourself and draw your own conclusions.
A great comprehensive biography for a complex individual whom Ossie Davis called "...our own black shining Prince." The dedication and research that Manning Marable put into this book is simply exhaustive... and it shows. From womb to tomb, the life of Malcolm Little is traversed here; from Malcolm Little born in Omaha, Nebraska, to Detroit Red, to Malcolm X , to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz.In contrast to the "The Autobiography of Malcolm X" by Alex Haley, Marable claims his "Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention" includes information on FBI and police surveillance, details from lost chapters that were not included in Haley's book, access to speeches prior to 1950 and more context into Malcolm's activities concerning MMI and OAAU.I see that this biography has come under criticism for potential inaccuracies. However, it is still a worthy read, as well as the published counter arguments and other biographies. One book or one author is not enough to contain this man and his transformation. It is up to the astute reader to disseminate and fashion together, from all sources, the legacy of Malcolm X.
If you've read the _Autobiography_ and have some curiosity about the times, this is well worth a read. Marable does a good job on the Garveyite roots of Malcolm's thought, and you get an astute (and detailed) description of his final years, trips abroad, efforts to start new organizations. This is a biography that is still fundamentally sympathetic, but determined not to skirt the problematic parts of its subject's life.There are gaps. The last half of the book is more reported than analyzed. Marable did a prodigious job assembling a virtually daily record of Malcolm's activities, but you miss the perspective he could have provided on the political ideas as ideas. It's also understandable that Marable was anxious to get out the original work he did on the assassination, but that really takes over the narrative of the last part of the book. And the NOI remains enigmatic throughout: you are given clues to how it operated, nationally and locally, but you have to work to pull them together.It's well worth searching for online videos as an adjunct to reading this book, as they give you a better sense of Malcolm's style and impact.
As a WASP raised in the fifties in Montana I did not see many blacks, and more importantly my family's prejudice centered on Native Americans. However, when the unrest of the sixties occurred I was bewildered and confused as to why? I found the black revolution fascinating and fearful. Through reading, not personal experience, I came to understand the shame of our past. There was much written about Martin Luther King, but Malcom X was an enigma that I never understood until reading this book.This book takes a charismatic myth and gives him flesh and blood. The outside forces and a heritage of abuse created a man ready at a time when he was needed. If you want to understand a man shaped by his times, that did much to shape our times, this is a must read. It is well written and a trip most WASP's will finally come to understand had to happen.
Manning Marable does a great service to the memory of Brother Malcom. Marable’s description of Malcom’s changing views over time is worth the price alone. Highly recommended!
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